Understanding Periodontal Disease in 2017: An Overview of the New Classification System
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by bacteria present in dental plaque. The disease is the major cause of tooth loss in adults, and it concerns both dental and medical professionals. According to The American Academy of Periodontology (AAP), over 47% of adults aged 30 and above suffer from gum disease, and it is even higher among the elderly aged 65 and beyond.
The New Classification System: What is it?
In 2017, a new comprehensive classification system for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions was released. The new system is the most up-to-date and evidence-based classification of periodontal diseases. The new classification system aims to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis and provide a foundation for ongoing research to improve the knowledge base of periodontal disease.
What are the types of Periodontal Disease?
The new classification system categorizes periodontal diseases into three groups:
1. Periodontitis: This is the most common periodontal disease. It is characterized by the destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The disease is further classified according to its severity, clinical presentation, and extent of the disease.
2. Gingivitis: It is a reversible inflammatory disease that affects the gingival tissue. The disease is caused by plaque accumulation on teeth and is characterized by bleeding, swelling, and redness of the gums.
3. Other Conditions Affecting the Periodontal Supporting Tissues: This category includes several non-inflammatory conditions such as chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases.
New Terminologies and Definitions
The new classification system has introduced new terminologies and definitions for periodontal disease. Some of the important terms include:
1. Clinical attachment loss (CAL): It measures the loss of periodontal attachment to the tooth and is used to classify the severity of periodontitis.
2. Bleeding on probing (BOP): It is an important diagnostic tool to detect gingival inflammation.
3. Primary etiology: It refers to the main cause of periodontal disease, which is bacterial plaque.
Implications of the New Classification System
The new classification system has several implications for patient care and periodontal research. Some of the important implications include:
1. Standardization of Diagnosis and Treatment: The new system helps to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease worldwide.
2. Focus on Early Intervention: The new classification system emphasizes early intervention and prevention of periodontal disease.
3. Improved Research: The system provides a foundation for ongoing research to improve the knowledge base of periodontal disease and enhance patient care.
Conclusion
The new comprehensive classification system for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions is a significant development in the field of periodontal disease. The system provides standardized diagnosis and treatment, focuses on early intervention and prevention, and improves research. Dental and medical professionals should familiarize themselves with the new system to provide the best care for their patients.
